chore: Add Dockerfile.dev for local development (#8295)

Currently whenever we build the `Dockerfile` file for local development using kurtosis , it recompiles everything on my laptop, even if no changes are made.  This takes about 120 seconds on my laptop (might be faster on others).


  Conservatively, I created a new Dockerfile.dev, so that the original file is kept the same, even though its pretty similar.

This uses `--mount-type=cache` saving the target and registry folder across builds.

**Usage**

```sh
docker build -f Dockerfile.dev -t lighthouse:dev .
```


Co-Authored-By: Kevaundray Wedderburn <kevtheappdev@gmail.com>

Dockerfile.dev

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+FROM rust:1.88.0-bullseye AS builder
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y upgrade && apt-get install -y cmake libclang-dev
+WORKDIR /lighthouse
+
+ARG FEATURES
+ARG PROFILE=release
+ARG CARGO_USE_GIT_CLI=true
+ENV FEATURES=$FEATURES
+ENV PROFILE=$PROFILE
+ENV CARGO_NET_GIT_FETCH_WITH_CLI=$CARGO_USE_GIT_CLI
+ENV CARGO_INCREMENTAL=1
+
+COPY . .
+# Persist the registry and target file across builds. See: https://docs.docker.com/build/cache/optimize/#use-cache-mounts
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/usr/local/cargo/registry \
+    --mount=type=cache,target=/lighthouse/target \
+    make
+
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y upgrade && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+  libssl-dev \
+  ca-certificates \
+  && apt-get clean \
+  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+COPY --from=builder /usr/local/cargo/bin/lighthouse /usr/local/bin/lighthouse