Gloas payload cache (#9209)

In Gloas, beacon blocks are imported into fork choice immediately - the payload envelope and data columns arrive
separately. KZG commitments moved from the column sidecar into the execution payload bid, so the existing
`DataAvailabilityChecker` (which assumes block and data are coupled) can't be used for Gloas.


  * Introduced `PendingPayloadCache` to keep track of payload and data columns per block root.
* Added gossip column verification
* Added support for Gloas data column reconstruction
* Payload envelope verification simplified: removed `MaybeAvailableEnvelope`, `ExecutedEnvelope`, `EnvelopeImportData`

Not yet implemented (tracked with TODOs):
- Proper lookup sync for Gloas columns arriving before blocks
- Partial column merging for Gloas
- Moving `load_gloas_payload_bid` disk reads off the async runtime
- Backfill/range sync for Gloas

Based on @eserilev's PR and work in progress. See also #9202 for verification.


Co-Authored-By: Eitan Seri-Levi <eserilev@ucsc.edu>

Co-Authored-By: Eitan Seri- Levi <eserilev@gmail.com>

Co-Authored-By: Daniel Knopik <daniel@dknopik.de>

Co-Authored-By: Daniel Knopik <107140945+dknopik@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-Authored-By: dapplion <35266934+dapplion@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-Authored-By: Jimmy Chen <jchen.tc@gmail.com>

beacon_node/beacon_chain/src/fetch_blobs/fetch_blobs_beacon_adapter.rs

@@ -119,10 +119,12 @@ impl<T: BeaconChainTypes> FetchBlobsBeaconAdapter<T> {
             .cached_blob_indexes(block_root)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn cached_data_column_indexes(&self, block_root: &Hash256) -> Option<Vec<u64>> {
-        self.chain
-            .data_availability_checker
-            .cached_data_column_indexes(block_root)
+    pub(crate) fn cached_data_column_indexes(
+        &self,
+        block_root: &Hash256,
+        slot: Slot,
+    ) -> Option<Vec<u64>> {
+        self.chain.cached_data_column_indexes(block_root, slot)
     }
 
     pub(crate) async fn process_engine_blobs(

beacon_node/beacon_chain/src/fetch_blobs/mod.rs

@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ async fn compute_custody_columns_to_import<T: BeaconChainTypes>(
 
                 // Only consider columns that are not already known to data availability.
                 if let Some(known_columns) =
-                    chain_adapter_cloned.cached_data_column_indexes(&block_root)
+                    chain_adapter_cloned.cached_data_column_indexes(&block_root, header.slot())
                 {
                     custody_columns.retain(|col| !known_columns.contains(&col.index()));
                     if custody_columns.is_empty() {

beacon_node/beacon_chain/src/fetch_blobs/tests.rs

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ mod get_blobs_v2 {
             .returning(|_| None);
         mock_adapter
             .expect_cached_data_column_indexes()
-            .returning(|_| None);
+            .returning(|_, _| None);
         mock_process_engine_blobs_result(
             &mut mock_adapter,
             Ok(AvailabilityProcessingStatus::Imported(block_root)),