Gloas payload cache (#9209)

In Gloas, beacon blocks are imported into fork choice immediately - the payload envelope and data columns arrive
separately. KZG commitments moved from the column sidecar into the execution payload bid, so the existing
`DataAvailabilityChecker` (which assumes block and data are coupled) can't be used for Gloas.


  * Introduced `PendingPayloadCache` to keep track of payload and data columns per block root.
* Added gossip column verification
* Added support for Gloas data column reconstruction
* Payload envelope verification simplified: removed `MaybeAvailableEnvelope`, `ExecutedEnvelope`, `EnvelopeImportData`

Not yet implemented (tracked with TODOs):
- Proper lookup sync for Gloas columns arriving before blocks
- Partial column merging for Gloas
- Moving `load_gloas_payload_bid` disk reads off the async runtime
- Backfill/range sync for Gloas

Based on @eserilev's PR and work in progress. See also #9202 for verification.


Co-Authored-By: Eitan Seri-Levi <eserilev@ucsc.edu>

Co-Authored-By: Eitan Seri- Levi <eserilev@gmail.com>

Co-Authored-By: Daniel Knopik <daniel@dknopik.de>

Co-Authored-By: Daniel Knopik <107140945+dknopik@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-Authored-By: dapplion <35266934+dapplion@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-Authored-By: Jimmy Chen <jchen.tc@gmail.com>

beacon_node/beacon_chain/tests/events.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use types::data::FixedBlobSidecarList;
 use types::{
     BlobSidecar, DataColumnSidecar, DataColumnSidecarFulu, DataColumnSidecarGloas, Domain, EthSpec,
-    MinimalEthSpec, PayloadAttestationData, PayloadAttestationMessage, SignedRoot, Slot,
+    MinimalEthSpec, PayloadAttestationData, PayloadAttestationMessage, SignedExecutionPayloadBid,
+    SignedRoot, Slot,
 };
 
 type E = MinimalEthSpec;
@@ -84,6 +85,15 @@ async fn data_column_sidecar_event_on_process_gossip_data_column() {
             let epoch = slot.epoch(E::slots_per_epoch());
             random_sidecar.slot = slot;
             random_sidecar.index = harness.chain.sampling_columns_for_epoch(epoch)[0];
+
+            // For gloas, the bid must be known, e.g. in the pending payload cache
+            let mut bid = SignedExecutionPayloadBid::<E>::empty();
+            bid.message.slot = Slot::new(10);
+            harness
+                .chain
+                .pending_payload_cache
+                .insert_bid(random_sidecar.beacon_block_root, Arc::new(bid));
+
             DataColumnSidecar::Gloas(random_sidecar)
         } else {
             let mut random_sidecar = DataColumnSidecarFulu::arbitrary(&mut u).unwrap();