Detailed validator monitoring (#2151)

## Issue Addressed

- Resolves #2064

## Proposed Changes

Adds a `ValidatorMonitor` struct which provides additional logging and Grafana metrics for specific validators.

Use `lighthouse bn --validator-monitor` to automatically enable monitoring for any validator that hits the [subnet subscription](https://ethereum.github.io/eth2.0-APIs/#/Validator/prepareBeaconCommitteeSubnet) HTTP API endpoint.

Also, use `lighthouse bn --validator-monitor-pubkeys` to supply a list of validators which will always be monitored.

See the new docs included in this PR for more info.

## TODO

- [x] Track validator balance, `slashed` status, etc.
- [x] ~~Register slashings in current epoch, not offense epoch~~
- [ ] Publish Grafana dashboard, update TODO link in docs
- [x] ~~#2130 is merged into this branch, resolve that~~

beacon_node/src/cli.rs

@@ -451,4 +451,29 @@ pub fn cli_app<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
                 .value_name("WSS_CHECKPOINT")
                 .takes_value(true)
         )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("validator-monitor-auto")
+                .long("validator-monitor-auto")
+                .help("Enables the automatic detection and monitoring of validators connected to the \
+                    HTTP API and using the subnet subscription endpoint. This generally has the \
+                    effect of providing additional logging and metrics for locally controlled \
+                    validators.")
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("validator-monitor-pubkeys")
+                .long("validator-monitor-pubkeys")
+                .help("A comma-separated list of 0x-prefixed validator public keys. \
+                        These validators will receive special monitoring and additional \
+                        logging.")
+                .value_name("PUBKEYS")
+                .takes_value(true)
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("validator-monitor-file")
+                .long("validator-monitor-file")
+                .help("As per --validator-monitor-pubkeys, but the comma-separated list is \
+                    contained within a file at the given path.")
+                .value_name("PATH")
+                .takes_value(true)
+        )
 }

beacon_node/src/config.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ use std::fs;
 use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, ToSocketAddrs};
 use std::net::{TcpListener, UdpSocket};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
-use types::{ChainSpec, Checkpoint, Epoch, EthSpec, Hash256, GRAFFITI_BYTES_LEN};
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use types::{ChainSpec, Checkpoint, Epoch, EthSpec, Hash256, PublicKeyBytes, GRAFFITI_BYTES_LEN};
 
 /// Gets the fully-initialized global client.
 ///
@@ -386,6 +387,39 @@ pub fn get_config<E: EthSpec>(
         client_config.slasher = Some(slasher_config);
     }
 
+    if cli_args.is_present("validator-monitor-auto") {
+        client_config.validator_monitor_auto = true;
+    }
+
+    if let Some(pubkeys) = cli_args.value_of("validator-monitor-pubkeys") {
+        let pubkeys = pubkeys
+            .split(',')
+            .map(PublicKeyBytes::from_str)
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
+            .map_err(|e| format!("Invalid --validator-monitor-pubkeys value: {:?}", e))?;
+        client_config
+            .validator_monitor_pubkeys
+            .extend_from_slice(&pubkeys);
+    }
+
+    if let Some(path) = cli_args.value_of("validator-monitor-file") {
+        let string = fs::read(path)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("Unable to read --validator-monitor-file: {}", e))
+            .and_then(|bytes| {
+                String::from_utf8(bytes)
+                    .map_err(|e| format!("--validator-monitor-file is not utf8: {}", e))
+            })?;
+        let pubkeys = string
+            .trim_end() // Remove trailing white space
+            .split(',')
+            .map(PublicKeyBytes::from_str)
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
+            .map_err(|e| format!("Invalid --validator-monitor-file contents: {:?}", e))?;
+        client_config
+            .validator_monitor_pubkeys
+            .extend_from_slice(&pubkeys);
+    }
+
     Ok(client_config)
 }