Refactor tree hashing (#861)

* Pre-allocated tree hash caches

* Add SmallVec to tree hash cache

* Avoid allocation for validator.pubkey

* Avoid iterator which seems to be doing heap alloc

* Add more smallvecs

* MOAR SMALLVEC

* Move non-test code to Hash256 tree hash

* Fix byte ordering error

* Add incomplete but working merkle stream impl

* Fix zero hash error

* Add zero hash fn

* Add MerkleStream comments

* Add smallvec, tidy

* Integrate into tree hash derive

* Update ssz_types tree hash

* Don't heap alloc for mix in length

* Add byte-level streaming to MerkleStream

* Avoid recursion in write method

* Update BLS to MerkleStream

* Fix some not-compiling tests

* Remove debug profiling

* Remove code duplication

* Move beacon state tree hash to new hasher

* Fix failing tests

* Update comments

* Add some fast-paths to tree_hash::merkle_root

* Remove unncessary test

* Rename MerkleStream -> MerkleHasher

* Rename new_with_leaf_count -> with_leaves

* Tidy

* Remove NonZeroUsize

* Remove todo

* Update smallvec

eth2/state_processing/src/genesis.rs

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub fn initialize_beacon_state_from_eth1<T: EthSpec>(
 
     for deposit in deposits.iter() {
         deposit_tree
-            .push_leaf(Hash256::from_slice(&deposit.data.tree_hash_root()))
+            .push_leaf(deposit.data.tree_hash_root())
             .map_err(BlockProcessingError::MerkleTreeError)?;
         state.eth1_data.deposit_root = deposit_tree.root();
         process_deposit(&mut state, &deposit, spec, true)?;