Add beacon.watch (#3362)

> This is currently a WIP and all features are subject to alteration or removal at any time.

## Overview

The successor to #2873.

Contains the backbone of `beacon.watch` including syncing code, the initial API, and several core database tables.

See `watch/README.md` for more information, requirements and usage.

watch/migrations/00000000000000_diesel_initial_setup/down.sql

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+-- This file was automatically created by Diesel to setup helper functions
+-- and other internal bookkeeping. This file is safe to edit, any future
+-- changes will be added to existing projects as new migrations.
+
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS diesel_manage_updated_at(_tbl regclass);
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS diesel_set_updated_at();

watch/migrations/00000000000000_diesel_initial_setup/up.sql

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+-- This file was automatically created by Diesel to setup helper functions
+-- and other internal bookkeeping. This file is safe to edit, any future
+-- changes will be added to existing projects as new migrations.
+
+
+
+
+-- Sets up a trigger for the given table to automatically set a column called
+-- `updated_at` whenever the row is modified (unless `updated_at` was included
+-- in the modified columns)
+--
+-- # Example
+--
+-- ```sql
+-- CREATE TABLE users (id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, updated_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW());
+--
+-- SELECT diesel_manage_updated_at('users');
+-- ```
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION diesel_manage_updated_at(_tbl regclass) RETURNS VOID AS $$
+BEGIN
+    EXECUTE format('CREATE TRIGGER set_updated_at BEFORE UPDATE ON %s
+                    FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE diesel_set_updated_at()', _tbl);
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION diesel_set_updated_at() RETURNS trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+    IF (
+        NEW IS DISTINCT FROM OLD AND
+        NEW.updated_at IS NOT DISTINCT FROM OLD.updated_at
+    ) THEN
+        NEW.updated_at := current_timestamp;
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000000_canonical_slots/down.sql

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+DROP TABLE canonical_slots

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000000_canonical_slots/up.sql

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+CREATE TABLE canonical_slots (
+    slot integer PRIMARY KEY,
+    root bytea NOT NULL,
+    skipped boolean NOT NULL,
+    beacon_block bytea UNIQUE
+)

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000001_beacon_blocks/down.sql

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+DROP TABLE beacon_blocks

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000001_beacon_blocks/up.sql

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+CREATE TABLE beacon_blocks (
+    slot integer PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES canonical_slots(slot) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    root bytea REFERENCES canonical_slots(beacon_block) NOT NULL,
+    parent_root bytea NOT NULL,
+    attestation_count integer NOT NULL,
+    transaction_count integer
+)

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000002_validators/down.sql

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+DROP TABLE validators

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000002_validators/up.sql

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+CREATE TABLE validators (
+    index integer PRIMARY KEY,
+    public_key bytea NOT NULL,
+    status text NOT NULL,
+    activation_epoch integer,
+    exit_epoch integer
+)

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000003_proposer_info/down.sql

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+DROP TABLE proposer_info

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000003_proposer_info/up.sql

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+CREATE TABLE proposer_info (
+    slot integer PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES beacon_blocks(slot) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    proposer_index integer REFERENCES validators(index) ON DELETE CASCADE NOT NULL,
+    graffiti text NOT NULL
+)

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000004_active_config/down.sql

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+DROP TABLE active_config

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000004_active_config/up.sql

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+CREATE TABLE active_config (
+    id integer PRIMARY KEY CHECK (id=1),
+    config_name text NOT NULL,
+    slots_per_epoch integer NOT NULL
+)

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000010_blockprint/down.sql

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+DROP TABLE blockprint

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000010_blockprint/up.sql

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+CREATE TABLE blockprint (
+    slot integer PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES beacon_blocks(slot) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    best_guess text NOT NULL
+)

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000011_block_rewards/down.sql

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+DROP TABLE block_rewards

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000011_block_rewards/up.sql

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+CREATE TABLE block_rewards (
+    slot integer PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES beacon_blocks(slot) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    total integer NOT NULL,
+    attestation_reward integer NOT NULL,
+    sync_committee_reward integer NOT NULL
+)

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000012_block_packing/down.sql

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+DROP TABLE block_packing

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000012_block_packing/up.sql

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+CREATE TABLE block_packing (
+    slot integer PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES beacon_blocks(slot) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    available integer NOT NULL,
+    included integer NOT NULL,
+    prior_skip_slots integer NOT NULL
+)

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000013_suboptimal_attestations/down.sql

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+DROP TABLE suboptimal_attestations

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000013_suboptimal_attestations/up.sql

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+CREATE TABLE suboptimal_attestations (
+    epoch_start_slot integer CHECK (epoch_start_slot % 32 = 0) REFERENCES canonical_slots(slot) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    index integer NOT NULL REFERENCES validators(index) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    source boolean NOT NULL,
+    head boolean NOT NULL,
+    target boolean NOT NULL,
+    PRIMARY KEY(epoch_start_slot, index)
+)

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000020_capella/down.sql

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+ALTER TABLE beacon_blocks
+DROP COLUMN withdrawal_count;

watch/migrations/2022-01-01-000020_capella/up.sql

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+ALTER TABLE beacon_blocks
+ADD COLUMN withdrawal_count integer;
+