CI gardening maintenance (#3706)

## Issue Addressed

Closes https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3656

## Proposed Changes

* Replace `set-output` by `$GITHUB_OUTPUT` usage
* Avoid rate-limits when installing `protoc` by making authenticated requests (continuation of https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/3621)
* Upgrade all Ubuntu 18.04 usage to 22.04 (18.04 is end of life)
* Upgrade macOS-latest to explicit macOS-12 to silence warning
* Use `actions/checkout@v3` and `actions/cache@v3` to avoid deprecated NodeJS v12

## Additional Info

Can't silence the NodeJS warnings entirely due to https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3705. Can fix that in future.

.github/workflows/publish-crate.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
         runs-on: ubuntu-latest
         steps:
             - name: Extract tag
-              run: echo "::set-output name=TAG::$(echo ${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/})"
+              run: echo "TAG=$(echo ${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/})" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
               id: extract_tag
         outputs:
             TAG: ${{ steps.extract_tag.outputs.TAG }}
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
         env:
             TAG: ${{ needs.extract-tag.outputs.TAG }}
         steps:
-            - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+            - uses: actions/checkout@v3
             - name: Update Rust
               run: rustup update stable
             - name: Cargo login