Enable build profiles for Docker source builds (#4237)

## Proposed Changes

- Allow Docker images to be built with different profiles via e.g. `--build-arg PROFILE=maxperf`.
- Include the build profile in `lighthouse --version`.

## Additional Info

This only affects Docker images built from source. Our published Docker images use `cross`-compiled binaries that get copied into place.

Dockerfile

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ FROM rust:1.68.2-bullseye AS builder
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y upgrade && apt-get install -y cmake libclang-dev protobuf-compiler
 COPY . lighthouse
 ARG FEATURES
+ARG PROFILE=release
 ENV FEATURES $FEATURES
+ENV PROFILE $PROFILE
 RUN cd lighthouse && make
 
 FROM ubuntu:22.04