Update database and block replayer to handle payload envelopes (#8886)

Closes:

- https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/8869


  - Update `BlockReplayer` to support replay of execution payload envelopes.
- Update `HotColdDB` to load payload envelopes and feed them to the `BlockReplayer` for both hot + cold states. However the cold DB code is not fully working yet (see: https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/8958).
- Add `StatePayloadStatus` to allow callers to specify whether they want a state with a payload applied, or not.
- Fix the state cache to key by `StatePayloadStatus`.
- Lots of fixes to block production and block processing regarding state management.
- Initial test harness support for producing+processing Gloas blocks+envelopes
- A few new tests to cover Gloas DB operations


Co-Authored-By: Eitan Seri- Levi <eserilev@gmail.com>

Co-Authored-By: Eitan Seri-Levi <eserilev@ucsc.edu>

Co-Authored-By: Michael Sproul <michael@sigmaprime.io>

Co-Authored-By: Michael Sproul <michaelsproul@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-Authored-By: Jimmy Chen <jchen.tc@gmail.com>

beacon_node/store/src/hdiff.rs

@@ -654,6 +654,12 @@ impl HierarchyModuli {
     ///   layer 2 diff will point to the start snapshot instead of the layer 1 diff at
     ///   2998272.
     pub fn storage_strategy(&self, slot: Slot, start_slot: Slot) -> Result<StorageStrategy, Error> {
+        // Initially had the idea of using different storage strategies for full and pending states,
+        // but it was very complex. However without this concept we end up storing two diffs/two
+        // snapshots at full slots. The complexity of managing skipped slots was the main impetus
+        // for reverting the payload-status sensitive design: a Full skipped slot has no same-slot
+        // Pending state to replay from, so has to be handled differently from Full non-skipped
+        // slots.
         match slot.cmp(&start_slot) {
             Ordering::Less => return Err(Error::LessThanStart(slot, start_slot)),
             Ordering::Equal => return Ok(StorageStrategy::Snapshot),