Set Graffiti via CLI (#1320)

## Issue Addressed

Closes #1319 

## Proposed Changes

This issue:
1. Allows users to edit their Graffiti via the cli option `--graffiti`. If the graffiti is too long, lighthouse will not start and throw an error message. Otherwise, it will set the Graffiti to be the one provided by the user, right-padded with 0s.
2. Create a new `Graffiti` type and unify the code around it. With this type, everything is enforced at compile-time, and the code can be (I think...) panic-free! :)

## Additional info

Currently, only `&str` are supported, as this is the returned type by `.arg("graffiti")`.
Since this is user-input, I tried being as careful as I could. This is also why I created the `Graffiti` type, to make sure I could check as much as possible at compile time.

beacon_node/beacon_chain/src/beacon_chain.rs

@@ -49,12 +49,6 @@ use types::*;
 
 pub type ForkChoiceError = fork_choice::Error<crate::ForkChoiceStoreError>;
 
-// Text included in blocks.
-// Must be 32-bytes or panic.
-//
-//                          |-------must be this long------|
-pub const GRAFFITI: &str = "sigp/lighthouse-0.1.2-prerelease";
-
 /// The time-out before failure during an operation to take a read/write RwLock on the canonical
 /// head.
 pub const HEAD_LOCK_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1);
@@ -224,6 +218,8 @@ pub struct BeaconChain<T: BeaconChainTypes> {
     pub disabled_forks: Vec<String>,
     /// Logging to CLI, etc.
     pub(crate) log: Logger,
+    /// Arbitrary bytes included in the blocks.
+    pub(crate) graffiti: Graffiti,
 }
 
 type BeaconBlockAndState<T> = (BeaconBlock<T>, BeaconState<T>);
@@ -1615,9 +1611,6 @@ impl<T: BeaconChainTypes> BeaconChain<T> {
             state.latest_block_header.canonical_root()
         };
 
-        let mut graffiti: [u8; 32] = [0; 32];
-        graffiti.copy_from_slice(GRAFFITI.as_bytes());
-
         let (proposer_slashings, attester_slashings) = self.op_pool.get_slashings(&state);
 
         let eth1_data = eth1_chain.eth1_data_for_block_production(&state, &self.spec)?;
@@ -1649,7 +1642,7 @@ impl<T: BeaconChainTypes> BeaconChain<T> {
                 body: BeaconBlockBody {
                     randao_reveal,
                     eth1_data,
-                    graffiti,
+                    graffiti: self.graffiti.clone(),
                     proposer_slashings: proposer_slashings.into(),
                     attester_slashings: attester_slashings.into(),
                     attestations: self

beacon_node/beacon_chain/src/builder.rs

@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 use store::{HotColdDB, ItemStore};
 use types::{
-    BeaconBlock, BeaconState, ChainSpec, EthSpec, Hash256, Signature, SignedBeaconBlock, Slot,
+    BeaconBlock, BeaconState, ChainSpec, EthSpec, Graffiti, Hash256, Signature, SignedBeaconBlock,
+    Slot,
 };
 
 pub const PUBKEY_CACHE_FILENAME: &str = "pubkey_cache.ssz";
@@ -110,6 +111,7 @@ pub struct BeaconChainBuilder<T: BeaconChainTypes> {
     spec: ChainSpec,
     disabled_forks: Vec<String>,
     log: Option<Logger>,
+    graffiti: Graffiti,
 }
 
 impl<TStoreMigrator, TSlotClock, TEth1Backend, TEthSpec, TEventHandler, THotStore, TColdStore>
@@ -155,6 +157,7 @@ where
             validator_pubkey_cache: None,
             spec: TEthSpec::default_spec(),
             log: None,
+            graffiti: Graffiti::default(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -396,6 +399,12 @@ where
         self
     }
 
+    /// Sets the `graffiti` field.
+    pub fn graffiti(mut self, graffiti: Graffiti) -> Self {
+        self.graffiti = graffiti;
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Consumes `self`, returning a `BeaconChain` if all required parameters have been supplied.
     ///
     /// An error will be returned at runtime if all required parameters have not been configured.
@@ -523,6 +532,7 @@ where
             validator_pubkey_cache: TimeoutRwLock::new(validator_pubkey_cache),
             disabled_forks: self.disabled_forks,
             log: log.clone(),
+            graffiti: self.graffiti,
         };
 
         let head = beacon_chain