Native support for Gnosis Beacon Chain network (#2931)

## Proposed Changes

Add a new hardcoded spec for the Gnosis Beacon Chain.
Ideally, official Lighthouse executables will be able to connect to the gnosis beacon chain from now on, using `--network gnosis` CLI option.

consensus/types/presets/gnosis/altair.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Gnosis Beacon Chain preset - Altair
+
+# Updated penalty values
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------
+# 3 * 2**24 (= 50,331,648)
+INACTIVITY_PENALTY_QUOTIENT_ALTAIR: 50331648
+# 2**6 (= 64)
+MIN_SLASHING_PENALTY_QUOTIENT_ALTAIR: 64
+# 2
+PROPORTIONAL_SLASHING_MULTIPLIER_ALTAIR: 2
+
+
+# Sync committee
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------
+# 2**9 (= 512)
+SYNC_COMMITTEE_SIZE: 512
+# 2**8 (= 256)
+EPOCHS_PER_SYNC_COMMITTEE_PERIOD: 512
+
+
+# Sync protocol
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------
+# 1
+MIN_SYNC_COMMITTEE_PARTICIPANTS: 1

consensus/types/presets/gnosis/bellatrix.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Gnosis Beacon Chain preset - Bellatrix
+
+# Updated penalty values
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------
+# 2**24 (= 16,777,216)
+INACTIVITY_PENALTY_QUOTIENT_BELLATRIX: 16777216
+# 2**5 (= 32)
+MIN_SLASHING_PENALTY_QUOTIENT_BELLATRIX: 32
+# 3
+PROPORTIONAL_SLASHING_MULTIPLIER_BELLATRIX: 3
+
+# Execution
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------
+# 2**30 (= 1,073,741,824)
+MAX_BYTES_PER_TRANSACTION: 1073741824
+# 2**20 (= 1,048,576)
+MAX_TRANSACTIONS_PER_PAYLOAD: 1048576
+# 2**8 (= 256)
+BYTES_PER_LOGS_BLOOM: 256
+# 2**5 (= 32)
+MAX_EXTRA_DATA_BYTES: 32

consensus/types/presets/gnosis/phase0.yaml

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+# Gnosis Beacon Chain preset - Phase0
+
+# Misc
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------
+# 2**6 (= 64)
+MAX_COMMITTEES_PER_SLOT: 64
+# 2**7 (= 128)
+TARGET_COMMITTEE_SIZE: 128
+# 2**11 (= 2,048)
+MAX_VALIDATORS_PER_COMMITTEE: 2048
+# See issue 563
+SHUFFLE_ROUND_COUNT: 90
+# 4
+HYSTERESIS_QUOTIENT: 4
+# 1 (minus 0.25)
+HYSTERESIS_DOWNWARD_MULTIPLIER: 1
+# 5 (plus 1.25)
+HYSTERESIS_UPWARD_MULTIPLIER: 5
+
+
+# Fork Choice
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------
+# 2**3 (= 8)
+SAFE_SLOTS_TO_UPDATE_JUSTIFIED: 8
+
+
+# Gwei values
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------
+# 2**0 * 10**9 (= 1,000,000,000) Gwei
+MIN_DEPOSIT_AMOUNT: 1000000000
+# 2**5 * 10**9 (= 32,000,000,000) Gwei
+MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE: 32000000000
+# 2**0 * 10**9 (= 1,000,000,000) Gwei
+EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT: 1000000000
+
+
+# Time parameters
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------
+# 2**0 (= 1) slots 5 seconds
+MIN_ATTESTATION_INCLUSION_DELAY: 1
+# 2**4 (= 16) slots 1.87 minutes
+SLOTS_PER_EPOCH: 16
+# 2**0 (= 1) epochs 1.87 minutes
+MIN_SEED_LOOKAHEAD: 1
+# 2**2 (= 4) epochs 7.47 minutes
+MAX_SEED_LOOKAHEAD: 4
+# 2**6 (= 64) epochs ~2 hours
+EPOCHS_PER_ETH1_VOTING_PERIOD: 64
+# 2**13 (= 8,192) slots ~15.9 hours
+SLOTS_PER_HISTORICAL_ROOT: 8192
+# 2**2 (= 4) epochs 7.47 minutes
+MIN_EPOCHS_TO_INACTIVITY_PENALTY: 4
+
+
+# State list lengths
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------
+# 2**16 (= 65,536) epochs ~85 days
+EPOCHS_PER_HISTORICAL_VECTOR: 65536
+# 2**13 (= 8,192) epochs ~10.6 days
+EPOCHS_PER_SLASHINGS_VECTOR: 8192
+# 2**24 (= 16,777,216) historical roots, ~15,243 years
+HISTORICAL_ROOTS_LIMIT: 16777216
+# 2**40 (= 1,099,511,627,776) validator spots
+VALIDATOR_REGISTRY_LIMIT: 1099511627776
+
+
+# Reward and penalty quotients
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------
+# 2**6 (= 64)
+BASE_REWARD_FACTOR: 25
+# 2**9 (= 512)
+WHISTLEBLOWER_REWARD_QUOTIENT: 512
+# 2**3 (= 8)
+PROPOSER_REWARD_QUOTIENT: 8
+# 2**26 (= 67,108,864)
+INACTIVITY_PENALTY_QUOTIENT: 67108864
+# 2**7 (= 128) (lower safety margin at Phase 0 genesis)
+MIN_SLASHING_PENALTY_QUOTIENT: 128
+# 1 (lower safety margin at Phase 0 genesis)
+PROPORTIONAL_SLASHING_MULTIPLIER: 1
+
+
+# Max operations per block
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------
+# 2**4 (= 16)
+MAX_PROPOSER_SLASHINGS: 16
+# 2**1 (= 2)
+MAX_ATTESTER_SLASHINGS: 2
+# 2**7 (= 128)
+MAX_ATTESTATIONS: 128
+# 2**4 (= 16)
+MAX_DEPOSITS: 16
+# 2**4 (= 16)
+MAX_VOLUNTARY_EXITS: 16