## Proposed Changes
Reduce post-merge disk usage by not storing finalized execution payloads in Lighthouse's database.
⚠️ **This is achieved in a backwards-incompatible way for networks that have already merged** ⚠️. Kiln users and shadow fork enjoyers will be unable to downgrade after running the code from this PR. The upgrade migration may take several minutes to run, and can't be aborted after it begins.
The main changes are:
- New column in the database called `ExecPayload`, keyed by beacon block root.
- The `BeaconBlock` column now stores blinded blocks only.
- Lots of places that previously used full blocks now use blinded blocks, e.g. analytics APIs, block replay in the DB, etc.
- On finalization:
- `prune_abanonded_forks` deletes non-canonical payloads whilst deleting non-canonical blocks.
- `migrate_db` deletes finalized canonical payloads whilst deleting finalized states.
- Conversions between blinded and full blocks are implemented in a compositional way, duplicating some work from Sean's PR #3134.
- The execution layer has a new `get_payload_by_block_hash` method that reconstructs a payload using the EE's `eth_getBlockByHash` call.
- I've tested manually that it works on Kiln, using Geth and Nethermind.
- This isn't necessarily the most efficient method, and new engine APIs are being discussed to improve this: https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/pull/146.
- We're depending on the `ethers` master branch, due to lots of recent changes. We're also using a workaround for https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs/issues/1134.
- Payload reconstruction is used in the HTTP API via `BeaconChain::get_block`, which is now `async`. Due to the `async` fn, the `blocking_json` wrapper has been removed.
- Payload reconstruction is used in network RPC to serve blocks-by-{root,range} responses. Here the `async` adjustment is messier, although I think I've managed to come up with a reasonable compromise: the handlers take the `SendOnDrop` by value so that they can drop it on _task completion_ (after the `fn` returns). Still, this is introducing disk reads onto core executor threads, which may have a negative performance impact (thoughts appreciated).
## Additional Info
- [x] For performance it would be great to remove the cloning of full blocks when converting them to blinded blocks to write to disk. I'm going to experiment with a `put_block` API that takes the block by value, breaks it into a blinded block and a payload, stores the blinded block, and then re-assembles the full block for the caller.
- [x] We should measure the latency of blocks-by-root and blocks-by-range responses.
- [x] We should add integration tests that stress the payload reconstruction (basic tests done, issue for more extensive tests: https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3159)
- [x] We should (manually) test the schema v9 migration from several prior versions, particularly as blocks have changed on disk and some migrations rely on being able to load blocks.
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Proposed Changes
I did some gardening 🌳 in our dependency tree:
- Remove duplicate versions of `warp` (git vs patch)
- Remove duplicate versions of lots of small deps: `cpufeatures`, `ethabi`, `ethereum-types`, `bitvec`, `nix`, `libsecp256k1`.
- Update MDBX (should resolve#3028). I tested and Lighthouse compiles on Windows 11 now.
- Restore `psutil` back to upstream
- Make some progress updating everything to rand 0.8. There are a few crates stuck on 0.7.
Hopefully this puts us on a better footing for future `cargo audit` issues, and improves compile times slightly.
## Additional Info
Some crates are held back by issues with `zeroize`. libp2p-noise depends on [`chacha20poly1305`](https://crates.io/crates/chacha20poly1305) which depends on zeroize < v1.5, and we can only have one version of zeroize because it's post 1.0 (see https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/6584). The latest version of `zeroize` is v1.5.4, which is used by the new versions of many other crates (e.g. `num-bigint-dig`). Once a new version of chacha20poly1305 is released we can update libp2p-noise and upgrade everything to the latest `zeroize` version.
I've also opened a PR to `blst` related to zeroize: https://github.com/supranational/blst/pull/111
## Proposed Changes
Mitigate the fork choice attacks described in [_Three Attacks on Proof-of-Stake Ethereum_](https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.10086) by enabling proposer boost @ 70% on mainnet.
Proposer boost has been running with stability on Prater for a few months now, and is safe to roll out gradually on mainnet. I'll argue that the financial impact of rolling out gradually is also minimal.
Consider how a proposer-boosted validator handles two types of re-orgs:
## Ex ante re-org (from the paper)
In the mitigated attack, a malicious proposer releases their block at slot `n + 1` late so that it re-orgs the block at the slot _after_ them (at slot `n + 2`). Non-boosting validators will follow this re-org and vote for block `n + 1` in slot `n + 2`. Boosted validators will vote for `n + 2`. If the boosting validators are outnumbered, there'll be a re-org to the malicious block from `n + 1` and validators applying the boost will have their slot `n + 2` attestations miss head (and target on an epoch boundary). Note that all the attesters from slot `n + 1` are doomed to lose their head vote rewards, but this is the same regardless of boosting.
Therefore, Lighthouse nodes stand to miss slightly more head votes than other nodes if they are in the minority while applying the proposer boost. Once the proposer boost nodes gain a majority, this trend reverses.
## Ex post re-org (using the boost)
The other type of re-org is an ex post re-org using the strategy described here: https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/2860. With this strategy, boosted nodes will follow the attempted re-org and again lose a head vote if the re-org is unsuccessful. Once boosting is widely adopted, the re-orgs will succeed and the non-boosting validators will lose out.
I don't think there are (m)any validators applying this strategy, because it is irrational to attempt it before boosting is widely adopted. Therefore I think we can safely ignore this possibility.
## Risk Assessment
From observing re-orgs on mainnet I don't think ex ante re-orgs are very common. I've observed around 1 per day for the last month on my node (see: https://gist.github.com/michaelsproul/3b2142fa8fe0ff767c16553f96959e8c), compared to 2.5 ex post re-orgs per day.
Given one extra slot per day where attesting will cause a missed head vote, each individual validator has a 1/32 chance of being assigned to that slot. So we have an increase of 1/32 missed head votes per validator per day in expectation. Given that we currently see ~7 head vote misses per validator per day due to late/missing blocks (and re-orgs), this represents only a (1/32)/7 = 0.45% increase in missed head votes in expectation. I believe this is so small that we shouldn't worry about it. Particularly as getting proposer boost deployed is good for network health and may enable us to drive down the number of late blocks over time (which will decrease head vote misses).
## TL;DR
Enable proposer boost now and release ASAP, as financial downside is a 0.45% increase in missed head votes until widespread adoption.
## Issue Addressed
MEV boost compatibility
## Proposed Changes
See #2987
## Additional Info
This is blocked on the stabilization of a couple specs, [here](https://github.com/ethereum/beacon-APIs/pull/194) and [here](https://github.com/flashbots/mev-boost/pull/20).
Additional TODO's and outstanding questions
- [ ] MEV boost JWT Auth
- [ ] Will `builder_proposeBlindedBlock` return the revealed payload for the BN to propogate
- [ ] Should we remove `private-tx-proposals` flag and communicate BN <> VC with blinded blocks by default once these endpoints enter the beacon-API's repo? This simplifies merge transition logic.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
#3073
## Proposed Changes
Add around `SAFE_SLOTS_TO_IMPORT_OPTIMISTICALLY` in the API
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
As discussed on last-night's consensus call, the testnets next week will target the [Kiln Spec v2](https://hackmd.io/@n0ble/kiln-spec).
Presently, we support Kiln V1. V2 is backwards compatible, except for renaming `random` to `prev_randao` in:
- https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/pull/180
- https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/2835
With this PR we'll no longer be compatible with the existing Kintsugi and Kiln testnets, however we'll be ready for the testnets next week. I raised this breaking change in the call last night, we are all keen to move forward and break things.
We now target the [`merge-kiln-v2`](https://github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/go-ethereum/tree/merge-kiln-v2) branch for interop with Geth. This required adding the `--http.aauthport` to the tester to avoid a port conflict at startup.
### Changes to exec integration tests
There's some change in the `merge-kiln-v2` version of Geth that means it can't compile on a vanilla Github runner. Bumping the `go` version on the runner solved this issue.
Whilst addressing this, I refactored the `testing/execution_integration` crate to be a *binary* rather than a *library* with tests. This means that we don't need to run the `build.rs` and build Geth whenever someone runs `make lint` or `make test-release`. This is nice for everyday users, but it's also nice for CI so that we can have a specific runner for these tests and we don't need to ensure *all* runners support everything required to build all execution clients.
## More Info
- [x] ~~EF tests are failing since the rename has broken some tests that reference the old field name. I have been told there will be new tests released in the coming days (25/02/22 or 26/02/22).~~
## Description
This PR adds a single, trivial commit (f5d2b27d78) atop #2986 to resolve a tests compile error. The original author (@ethDreamer) is AFK so I'm getting this one merged ☺️
Please see #2986 for more information about the other, significant changes in this PR.
Co-authored-by: Mark Mackey <mark@sigmaprime.io>
Co-authored-by: ethDreamer <37123614+ethDreamer@users.noreply.github.com>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Adds the functionality to allow blocks to be validated/invalidated after their import as per the [optimistic sync spec](https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/sync/optimistic.md#how-to-optimistically-import-blocks). This means:
- Updating `ProtoArray` to allow flipping the `execution_status` of ancestors/descendants based on payload validity updates.
- Creating separation between `execution_layer` and the `beacon_chain` by creating a `PayloadStatus` struct.
- Refactoring how the `execution_layer` selects a `PayloadStatus` from the multiple statuses returned from multiple EEs.
- Adding testing framework for optimistic imports.
- Add `ExecutionBlockHash(Hash256)` new-type struct to avoid confusion between *beacon block roots* and *execution payload hashes*.
- Add `merge` to [`FORKS`](c3a793fd73/Makefile (L17)) in the `Makefile` to ensure we test the beacon chain with merge settings.
- Fix some tests here that were failing due to a missing execution layer.
## TODO
- [ ] Balance tests
Co-authored-by: Mark Mackey <mark@sigmaprime.io>
## Proposed Changes
Lots of lint updates related to `flat_map`, `unwrap_or_else` and string patterns. I did a little more creative refactoring in the op pool, but otherwise followed Clippy's suggestions.
## Additional Info
We need this PR to unblock CI.
## Issue Addressed
Alternative to #2935
## Proposed Changes
Replace the `Vec<u8>` inside `Bitfield` with a `SmallVec<[u8; 32>`. This eliminates heap allocations for attestation bitfields until we reach 500K validators, at which point we can consider increasing `SMALLVEC_LEN` to 40 or 48.
While running Lighthouse under `heaptrack` I found that SSZ encoding and decoding of bitfields corresponded to 22% of all allocations by count. I've confirmed that with this change applied those allocations disappear entirely.
## Additional Info
We can win another 8 bytes of space by using `smallvec`'s [`union` feature](https://docs.rs/smallvec/1.8.0/smallvec/#union), although I might leave that for a future PR because I don't know how experimental that feature is and whether it uses some spicy `unsafe` blocks.
## Issue Addressed
Closes#3014
## Proposed Changes
- Rename `receipt_root` to `receipts_root`
- Rename `execute_payload` to `notify_new_payload`
- This is slightly weird since we modify everything except the actual HTTP call to the engine API. That change is expected to be implemented in #2985 (cc @ethDreamer)
- Enable "random" tests for Bellatrix.
## Notes
This will break *partially* compatibility with Kintusgi testnets in order to gain compatibility with [Kiln](https://hackmd.io/@n0ble/kiln-spec) testnets. I think it will only break the BN APIs due to the `receipts_root` change, however it might have some other effects too.
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <micsproul@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
#2883
## Proposed Changes
* Added `suggested-fee-recipient` & `suggested-fee-recipient-file` flags to validator client (similar to graffiti / graffiti-file implementation).
* Added proposer preparation service to VC, which sends the fee-recipient of all known validators to the BN via [/eth/v1/validator/prepare_beacon_proposer](https://github.com/ethereum/beacon-APIs/pull/178) api once per slot
* Added [/eth/v1/validator/prepare_beacon_proposer](https://github.com/ethereum/beacon-APIs/pull/178) api endpoint and preparation data caching
* Added cleanup routine to remove cached proposer preparations when not updated for 2 epochs
## Additional Info
Changed the Implementation following the discussion in #2883.
Co-authored-by: pk910 <philipp@pk910.de>
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
Co-authored-by: Philipp K <philipp@pk910.de>
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/2940 introduced a bug where we parsed the uint256 terminal total difficulty as a hex string instead of a decimal string. Fixes the bug and adds tests.
## Proposed Changes
Add a new hardcoded spec for the Gnosis Beacon Chain.
Ideally, official Lighthouse executables will be able to connect to the gnosis beacon chain from now on, using `--network gnosis` CLI option.
## Issue Addressed
Continuation to #2934
## Proposed Changes
Currently, we have the transition fields in the config (`TERMINAL_TOTAL_DIFFICULTY`, `TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH` and `TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH_ACTIVATION_EPOCH`) as mandatory fields.
This is causing compatibility issues with other client BN's (nimbus and teku v22.1.0) which don't return these fields on a `eth/v1/config/spec` api call. Since we don't use this values until the merge, I think it's okay to have default values set for these fields as well to ensure compatibility.
## Issue Addressed
#2900
## Proposed Changes
Change type of extra_fields in ConfigAndPreset so it can contain non string values (inside serde_json::Value)
## Proposed Changes
Restore compatibility with beacon nodes using the `MERGE` naming by:
1. Adding defaults for the Bellatrix `Config` fields
2. Not attempting to read (or serve) the Bellatrix preset on `/config/spec`.
I've confirmed that this works with Infura, and just logs a warning:
```
Jan 20 10:51:31.078 INFO Connected to beacon node endpoint: https://eth2-beacon-mainnet.infura.io/, version: teku/v22.1.0/linux-x86_64/-eclipseadoptium-openjdk64bitservervm-java-17
Jan 20 10:51:31.344 WARN Beacon node config does not match exactly, advice: check that the BN is updated and configured for any upcoming forks, endpoint: https://eth2-beacon-mainnet.infura.io/
Jan 20 10:51:31.344 INFO Initialized beacon node connections available: 1, total: 1
```
## Proposed Changes
Change the canonical fork name for the merge to Bellatrix. Keep other merge naming the same to avoid churn.
I've also fixed and enabled the `fork` and `transition` tests for Bellatrix, and the v1.1.7 fork choice tests.
Additionally, the `BellatrixPreset` has been added with tests. It gets served via the `/config/spec` API endpoint along with the other presets.
## Proposed Changes
Allocate less memory in sync by hashing the `SignedBeaconBlock`s in a batch directly, rather than going via SSZ bytes.
Credit to @paulhauner for finding this source of temporary allocations.
