use beacon_chain::{
    builder::Witness, eth1_chain::CachingEth1Backend, schema_change::migrate_schema,
    slot_clock::SystemTimeSlotClock,
};
use beacon_node::{get_data_dir, get_slots_per_restore_point, ClientConfig};
use clap::{Arg, ArgAction, ArgMatches, Command};
use clap_utils::{get_color_style, FLAG_HEADER};
use environment::{Environment, RuntimeContext};
use slog::{info, warn, Logger};
use std::fs;
use std::io::Write;
use std::path::PathBuf;
use store::metadata::STATE_UPPER_LIMIT_NO_RETAIN;
use store::{
    errors::Error,
    metadata::{SchemaVersion, CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION},
    DBColumn, HotColdDB, KeyValueStore, LevelDB,
};
use strum::{EnumString, EnumVariantNames, VariantNames};
use types::{BeaconState, EthSpec, Slot};

pub const CMD: &str = "database_manager";

pub fn version_cli_app() -> Command {
    Command::new("version")
        .visible_aliases(["v"])
        .styles(get_color_style())
        .about("Display database schema version")
}

pub fn migrate_cli_app() -> Command {
    Command::new("migrate")
        .styles(get_color_style())
        .about("Migrate the database to a specific schema version")
        .arg(
            Arg::new("to")
                .long("to")
                .value_name("VERSION")
                .help("Schema version to migrate to")
                .action(ArgAction::Set)
                .required(true),
        )
}

pub fn inspect_cli_app() -> Command {
    Command::new("inspect")
        .styles(get_color_style())
        .about("Inspect raw database values")
        .arg(
            Arg::new("column")
                .long("column")
                .value_name("TAG")
                .help("3-byte column ID (see `DBColumn`)")
                .action(ArgAction::Set)
                .required(true)
                .display_order(0),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("output")
                .long("output")
                .value_name("TARGET")
                .help("Select the type of output to show")
                .default_value("sizes")
                .value_parser(InspectTarget::VARIANTS.to_vec())
                .display_order(0),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("skip")
                .long("skip")
                .value_name("N")
                .help("Skip over the first N keys")
                .display_order(0),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("limit")
                .long("limit")
                .value_name("N")
                .help("Output at most N keys")
                .display_order(0),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("freezer")
                .long("freezer")
                .help("Inspect the freezer DB rather than the hot DB")
                .action(ArgAction::SetTrue)
                .help_heading(FLAG_HEADER)
                .conflicts_with("blobs-db")
                .display_order(0),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("blobs-db")
                .long("blobs-db")
                .help("Inspect the blobs DB rather than the hot DB")
                .action(ArgAction::SetTrue)
                .help_heading(FLAG_HEADER)
                .conflicts_with("freezer")
                .display_order(0),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("output-dir")
                .long("output-dir")
                .value_name("DIR")
                .help("Base directory for the output files. Defaults to the current directory")
                .action(ArgAction::Set)
                .display_order(0),
        )
}

pub fn compact_cli_app() -> Command {
    Command::new("compact")
        .styles(get_color_style())
        .about("Compact database manually")
        .arg(
            Arg::new("column")
                .long("column")
                .value_name("TAG")
                .help("3-byte column ID (see `DBColumn`)")
                .action(ArgAction::Set)
                .required(true)
                .display_order(0),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("freezer")
                .long("freezer")
                .help("Inspect the freezer DB rather than the hot DB")
                .action(ArgAction::SetTrue)
                .help_heading(FLAG_HEADER)
                .conflicts_with("blobs-db")
                .display_order(0),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("blobs-db")
                .long("blobs-db")
                .help("Inspect the blobs DB rather than the hot DB")
                .action(ArgAction::SetTrue)
                .help_heading(FLAG_HEADER)
                .conflicts_with("freezer")
                .display_order(0),
        )
}

pub fn prune_payloads_app() -> Command {
    Command::new("prune-payloads")
        .alias("prune_payloads")
        .styles(get_color_style())
        .about("Prune finalized execution payloads")
}

pub fn prune_blobs_app() -> Command {
    Command::new("prune-blobs")
        .alias("prune_blobs")
        .styles(get_color_style())
        .about("Prune blobs older than data availability boundary")
}

pub fn prune_states_app() -> Command {
    Command::new("prune-states")
        .alias("prune_states")
        .arg(
            Arg::new("confirm")
                .long("confirm")
                .help(
                    "Commit to pruning states irreversably. Without this flag the command will \
                     just check that the database is capable of being pruned.",
                )
                .action(ArgAction::SetTrue)
                .help_heading(FLAG_HEADER)
                .display_order(0),
        )
        .styles(get_color_style())
        .about("Prune all beacon states from the freezer database")
}

pub fn cli_app() -> Command {
    Command::new(CMD)
        .display_order(0)
        .visible_aliases(["db"])
        .styles(get_color_style())
        .about("Manage a beacon node database")
        .arg(
            Arg::new("help")
                .long("help")
                .short('h')
                .help("Prints help information")
                .action(ArgAction::HelpLong)
                .display_order(0)
                .help_heading(FLAG_HEADER),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("slots-per-restore-point")
                .long("slots-per-restore-point")
                .value_name("SLOT_COUNT")
                .help(
                    "Specifies how often a freezer DB restore point should be stored. \
                       Cannot be changed after initialization. \
                       [default: 2048 (mainnet) or 64 (minimal)]",
                )
                .action(ArgAction::Set)
                .display_order(0),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("freezer-dir")
                .long("freezer-dir")
                .value_name("DIR")
                .help("Data directory for the freezer database.")
                .action(ArgAction::Set)
                .display_order(0),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("blob-prune-margin-epochs")
                .long("blob-prune-margin-epochs")
                .value_name("EPOCHS")
                .help(
                    "The margin for blob pruning in epochs. The oldest blobs are pruned \
                       up until data_availability_boundary - blob_prune_margin_epochs.",
                )
                .action(ArgAction::Set)
                .default_value("0")
                .display_order(0),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("blobs-dir")
                .long("blobs-dir")
                .value_name("DIR")
                .help("Data directory for the blobs database.")
                .action(ArgAction::Set)
                .display_order(0),
        )
        .subcommand(migrate_cli_app())
        .subcommand(version_cli_app())
        .subcommand(inspect_cli_app())
        .subcommand(compact_cli_app())
        .subcommand(prune_payloads_app())
        .subcommand(prune_blobs_app())
        .subcommand(prune_states_app())
}

fn parse_client_config<E: EthSpec>(
    cli_args: &ArgMatches,
    _env: &Environment<E>,
) -> Result<ClientConfig, String> {
    let mut client_config = ClientConfig::default();

    client_config.set_data_dir(get_data_dir(cli_args));

    if let Some(freezer_dir) = clap_utils::parse_optional(cli_args, "freezer-dir")? {
        client_config.freezer_db_path = Some(freezer_dir);
    }

    if let Some(blobs_db_dir) = clap_utils::parse_optional(cli_args, "blobs-dir")? {
        client_config.blobs_db_path = Some(blobs_db_dir);
    }

    let (sprp, sprp_explicit) = get_slots_per_restore_point::<E>(cli_args)?;
    client_config.store.slots_per_restore_point = sprp;
    client_config.store.slots_per_restore_point_set_explicitly = sprp_explicit;

    if let Some(blob_prune_margin_epochs) =
        clap_utils::parse_optional(cli_args, "blob-prune-margin-epochs")?
    {
        client_config.store.blob_prune_margin_epochs = blob_prune_margin_epochs;
    }

    Ok(client_config)
}

pub fn display_db_version<E: EthSpec>(
    client_config: ClientConfig,
    runtime_context: &RuntimeContext<E>,
    log: Logger,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
    let spec = runtime_context.eth2_config.spec.clone();
    let hot_path = client_config.get_db_path();
    let cold_path = client_config.get_freezer_db_path();
    let blobs_path = client_config.get_blobs_db_path();

    let mut version = CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION;
    HotColdDB::<E, LevelDB<E>, LevelDB<E>>::open(
        &hot_path,
        &cold_path,
        &blobs_path,
        |_, from, _| {
            version = from;
            Ok(())
        },
        client_config.store,
        spec,
        log.clone(),
    )?;

    info!(log, "Database version: {}", version.as_u64());

    if version != CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION {
        info!(
            log,
            "Latest schema version: {}",
            CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION.as_u64(),
        );
    }

    Ok(())
}

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, EnumString, EnumVariantNames)]
pub enum InspectTarget {
    #[strum(serialize = "sizes")]
    ValueSizes,
    #[strum(serialize = "total")]
    ValueTotal,
    #[strum(serialize = "values")]
    Values,
    #[strum(serialize = "gaps")]
    Gaps,
}

pub struct InspectConfig {
    column: DBColumn,
    target: InspectTarget,
    skip: Option<usize>,
    limit: Option<usize>,
    freezer: bool,
    blobs_db: bool,
    /// Configures where the inspect output should be stored.
    output_dir: PathBuf,
}

fn parse_inspect_config(cli_args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<InspectConfig, String> {
    let column = clap_utils::parse_required(cli_args, "column")?;
    let target = clap_utils::parse_required(cli_args, "output")?;
    let skip = clap_utils::parse_optional(cli_args, "skip")?;
    let limit = clap_utils::parse_optional(cli_args, "limit")?;
    let freezer = cli_args.get_flag("freezer");
    let blobs_db = cli_args.get_flag("blobs-db");

    let output_dir: PathBuf =
        clap_utils::parse_optional(cli_args, "output-dir")?.unwrap_or_else(PathBuf::new);
    Ok(InspectConfig {
        column,
        target,
        skip,
        limit,
        freezer,
        blobs_db,
        output_dir,
    })
}

pub fn inspect_db<E: EthSpec>(
    inspect_config: InspectConfig,
    client_config: ClientConfig,
) -> Result<(), String> {
    let hot_path = client_config.get_db_path();
    let cold_path = client_config.get_freezer_db_path();
    let blobs_path = client_config.get_blobs_db_path();

    let mut total = 0;
    let mut num_keys = 0;

    let sub_db = if inspect_config.freezer {
        LevelDB::<E>::open(&cold_path).map_err(|e| format!("Unable to open freezer DB: {e:?}"))?
    } else if inspect_config.blobs_db {
        LevelDB::<E>::open(&blobs_path).map_err(|e| format!("Unable to open blobs DB: {e:?}"))?
    } else {
        LevelDB::<E>::open(&hot_path).map_err(|e| format!("Unable to open hot DB: {e:?}"))?
    };

    let skip = inspect_config.skip.unwrap_or(0);
    let limit = inspect_config.limit.unwrap_or(usize::MAX);

    let mut prev_key = 0;
    let mut found_gaps = false;

    let base_path = &inspect_config.output_dir;

    if let InspectTarget::Values = inspect_config.target {
        fs::create_dir_all(base_path)
            .map_err(|e| format!("Unable to create import directory: {:?}", e))?;
    }

    for res in sub_db
        .iter_column::<Vec<u8>>(inspect_config.column)
        .skip(skip)
        .take(limit)
    {
        let (key, value) = res.map_err(|e| format!("{:?}", e))?;

        match inspect_config.target {
            InspectTarget::ValueSizes => {
                println!("{}: {} bytes", hex::encode(&key), value.len());
            }
            InspectTarget::Gaps => {
                // Convert last 8 bytes of key to u64.
                let numeric_key = u64::from_be_bytes(
                    key[key.len() - 8..]
                        .try_into()
                        .expect("key is at least 8 bytes"),
                );

                if numeric_key > prev_key + 1 {
                    println!(
                        "gap between keys {} and {} (offset: {})",
                        prev_key, numeric_key, num_keys,
                    );
                    found_gaps = true;
                }
                prev_key = numeric_key;
            }
            InspectTarget::ValueTotal => (),
            InspectTarget::Values => {
                let file_path = base_path.join(format!(
                    "{}_{}.ssz",
                    inspect_config.column.as_str(),
                    hex::encode(&key)
                ));

                let write_result = fs::OpenOptions::new()
                    .create(true)
                    .truncate(true)
                    .write(true)
                    .open(&file_path)
                    .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to open file: {:?}", e))
                    .map(|mut file| {
                        file.write_all(&value)
                            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write file: {:?}", e))
                    });
                if let Err(e) = write_result {
                    println!("Error writing values to file {:?}: {:?}", file_path, e);
                } else {
                    println!("Successfully saved values to file: {:?}", file_path);
                }
            }
        }
        total += value.len();
        num_keys += 1;
    }

    if inspect_config.target == InspectTarget::Gaps && !found_gaps {
        println!("No gaps found!");
    }

    println!("Num keys: {}", num_keys);
    println!("Total: {} bytes", total);

    Ok(())
}

pub struct CompactConfig {
    column: DBColumn,
    freezer: bool,
    blobs_db: bool,
}

fn parse_compact_config(cli_args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<CompactConfig, String> {
    let column = clap_utils::parse_required(cli_args, "column")?;
    let freezer = cli_args.get_flag("freezer");
    let blobs_db = cli_args.get_flag("blobs-db");
    Ok(CompactConfig {
        column,
        freezer,
        blobs_db,
    })
}

pub fn compact_db<E: EthSpec>(
    compact_config: CompactConfig,
    client_config: ClientConfig,
    log: Logger,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
    let hot_path = client_config.get_db_path();
    let cold_path = client_config.get_freezer_db_path();
    let blobs_path = client_config.get_blobs_db_path();
    let column = compact_config.column;

    let (sub_db, db_name) = if compact_config.freezer {
        (LevelDB::<E>::open(&cold_path)?, "freezer_db")
    } else if compact_config.blobs_db {
        (LevelDB::<E>::open(&blobs_path)?, "blobs_db")
    } else {
        (LevelDB::<E>::open(&hot_path)?, "hot_db")
    };
    info!(
        log,
        "Compacting database";
        "db" => db_name,
        "column" => ?column
    );
    sub_db.compact_column(column)?;
    Ok(())
}

pub struct MigrateConfig {
    to: SchemaVersion,
}

fn parse_migrate_config(cli_args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<MigrateConfig, String> {
    let to = SchemaVersion(clap_utils::parse_required(cli_args, "to")?);

    Ok(MigrateConfig { to })
}

pub fn migrate_db<E: EthSpec>(
    migrate_config: MigrateConfig,
    client_config: ClientConfig,
    runtime_context: &RuntimeContext<E>,
    log: Logger,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
    let spec = &runtime_context.eth2_config.spec;
    let hot_path = client_config.get_db_path();
    let cold_path = client_config.get_freezer_db_path();
    let blobs_path = client_config.get_blobs_db_path();

    let mut from = CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION;
    let to = migrate_config.to;
    let db = HotColdDB::<E, LevelDB<E>, LevelDB<E>>::open(
        &hot_path,
        &cold_path,
        &blobs_path,
        |_, db_initial_version, _| {
            from = db_initial_version;
            Ok(())
        },
        client_config.store.clone(),
        spec.clone(),
        log.clone(),
    )?;

    info!(
        log,
        "Migrating database schema";
        "from" => from.as_u64(),
        "to" => to.as_u64(),
    );

    migrate_schema::<Witness<SystemTimeSlotClock, CachingEth1Backend<E>, _, _, _>>(
        db,
        client_config.eth1.deposit_contract_deploy_block,
        from,
        to,
        log,
        spec,
    )
}

pub fn prune_payloads<E: EthSpec>(
    client_config: ClientConfig,
    runtime_context: &RuntimeContext<E>,
    log: Logger,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
    let spec = &runtime_context.eth2_config.spec;
    let hot_path = client_config.get_db_path();
    let cold_path = client_config.get_freezer_db_path();
    let blobs_path = client_config.get_blobs_db_path();

    let db = HotColdDB::<E, LevelDB<E>, LevelDB<E>>::open(
        &hot_path,
        &cold_path,
        &blobs_path,
        |_, _, _| Ok(()),
        client_config.store,
        spec.clone(),
        log,
    )?;

    // If we're trigging a prune manually then ignore the check on the split's parent that bails
    // out early.
    let force = true;
    db.try_prune_execution_payloads(force)
}

pub fn prune_blobs<E: EthSpec>(
    client_config: ClientConfig,
    runtime_context: &RuntimeContext<E>,
    log: Logger,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
    let spec = &runtime_context.eth2_config.spec;
    let hot_path = client_config.get_db_path();
    let cold_path = client_config.get_freezer_db_path();
    let blobs_path = client_config.get_blobs_db_path();

    let db = HotColdDB::<E, LevelDB<E>, LevelDB<E>>::open(
        &hot_path,
        &cold_path,
        &blobs_path,
        |_, _, _| Ok(()),
        client_config.store,
        spec.clone(),
        log,
    )?;

    // If we're triggering a prune manually then ignore the check on `epochs_per_blob_prune` that
    // bails out early by passing true to the force parameter.
    db.try_prune_most_blobs(true)
}

pub struct PruneStatesConfig {
    confirm: bool,
}

fn parse_prune_states_config(cli_args: &ArgMatches) -> Result<PruneStatesConfig, String> {
    let confirm = cli_args.get_flag("confirm");
    Ok(PruneStatesConfig { confirm })
}

pub fn prune_states<E: EthSpec>(
    client_config: ClientConfig,
    prune_config: PruneStatesConfig,
    mut genesis_state: BeaconState<E>,
    runtime_context: &RuntimeContext<E>,
    log: Logger,
) -> Result<(), String> {
    let spec = &runtime_context.eth2_config.spec;
    let hot_path = client_config.get_db_path();
    let cold_path = client_config.get_freezer_db_path();
    let blobs_path = client_config.get_blobs_db_path();

    let db = HotColdDB::<E, LevelDB<E>, LevelDB<E>>::open(
        &hot_path,
        &cold_path,
        &blobs_path,
        |_, _, _| Ok(()),
        client_config.store,
        spec.clone(),
        log.clone(),
    )
    .map_err(|e| format!("Unable to open database: {e:?}"))?;

    // Load the genesis state from the database to ensure we're deleting states for the
    // correct network, and that we don't end up storing the wrong genesis state.
    let genesis_from_db = db
        .load_cold_state_by_slot(Slot::new(0))
        .map_err(|e| format!("Error reading genesis state: {e:?}"))?
        .ok_or("Error: genesis state missing from database. Check schema version.")?;

    if genesis_from_db.genesis_validators_root() != genesis_state.genesis_validators_root() {
        return Err(format!(
            "Error: Wrong network. Genesis state in DB does not match {} genesis.",
            spec.config_name.as_deref().unwrap_or("<unknown network>")
        ));
    }

    // Check that the user has confirmed they want to proceed.
    if !prune_config.confirm {
        match db.get_anchor_info() {
            Some(anchor_info)
                if anchor_info.state_lower_limit == 0
                    && anchor_info.state_upper_limit == STATE_UPPER_LIMIT_NO_RETAIN =>
            {
                info!(log, "States have already been pruned");
                return Ok(());
            }
            _ => {
                info!(log, "Ready to prune states");
            }
        }
        warn!(
            log,
            "Pruning states is irreversible";
        );
        warn!(
            log,
            "Re-run this command with --confirm to commit to state deletion"
        );
        info!(log, "Nothing has been pruned on this run");
        return Err("Error: confirmation flag required".into());
    }

    // Delete all historic state data and *re-store* the genesis state.
    let genesis_state_root = genesis_state
        .update_tree_hash_cache()
        .map_err(|e| format!("Error computing genesis state root: {e:?}"))?;
    db.prune_historic_states(genesis_state_root, &genesis_state)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to prune due to error: {e:?}"))?;

    info!(log, "Historic states pruned successfully");
    Ok(())
}

/// Run the database manager, returning an error string if the operation did not succeed.
pub fn run<E: EthSpec>(cli_args: &ArgMatches, env: Environment<E>) -> Result<(), String> {
    let client_config = parse_client_config(cli_args, &env)?;
    let context = env.core_context();
    let log = context.log().clone();
    let format_err = |e| format!("Fatal error: {:?}", e);

    match cli_args.subcommand() {
        Some(("version", _)) => {
            display_db_version(client_config, &context, log).map_err(format_err)
        }
        Some(("migrate", cli_args)) => {
            let migrate_config = parse_migrate_config(cli_args)?;
            migrate_db(migrate_config, client_config, &context, log).map_err(format_err)
        }
        Some(("inspect", cli_args)) => {
            let inspect_config = parse_inspect_config(cli_args)?;
            inspect_db::<E>(inspect_config, client_config)
        }
        Some(("compact", cli_args)) => {
            let compact_config = parse_compact_config(cli_args)?;
            compact_db::<E>(compact_config, client_config, log).map_err(format_err)
        }
        Some(("prune-payloads", _)) => {
            prune_payloads(client_config, &context, log).map_err(format_err)
        }
        Some(("prune-blobs", _)) => prune_blobs(client_config, &context, log).map_err(format_err),
        Some(("prune-states", cli_args)) => {
            let executor = env.core_context().executor;
            let network_config = context
                .eth2_network_config
                .clone()
                .ok_or("Missing network config")?;

            let genesis_state = executor
                .block_on_dangerous(
                    network_config.genesis_state::<E>(
                        client_config.genesis_state_url.as_deref(),
                        client_config.genesis_state_url_timeout,
                        &log,
                    ),
                    "get_genesis_state",
                )
                .ok_or("Shutting down")?
                .map_err(|e| format!("Error getting genesis state: {e}"))?
                .ok_or("Genesis state missing")?;

            let prune_config = parse_prune_states_config(cli_args)?;

            prune_states(client_config, prune_config, genesis_state, &context, log)
        }
        _ => Err("Unknown subcommand, for help `lighthouse database_manager --help`".into()),
    }
}